With this year being the International Year of the Periodic Table, it’s an exciting time to be a chemist. GMP, granulocyte/macrophage progenitors graCy, granulocytes HAB, hemangioblast HSC, hematopoietic stem cell ICT, interstitial cytotrophoblast im.acinar, immature acinar cell im.ductal, immature ductal cell iPC, intermediate progenitor cells LMPP, lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors MEP, megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors mkCy, megakaryocyte Mφ, macrophage MPP, multipotent progenitors NK, natural killer cell NPC, neural progenitor cells NSC, neural stem cells ODCy, oligodendrocytes OPC, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells OSC, oogonial stem cell PGC, primordial germ cell PPC, pancreatic progenitor cells PSC, pancreatic stem cells RGP, radial glial progenitor cells RS, round spermatids SCT, syncytiotrophoblast SSC, spermtogonial stem cell Sz, spermatozoon TB, trophoblast undiff.Og, undifferentiated oogonia undiff.Sg, undifferentiated spermatogonia VCT, villous cytotrophoblast 1st/2nd Sc, primary/secondary spermatocytes 1st/2nd Oc, primary/secondary oocytes.With this year being the International Year of the Periodic Table, it’s an exciting time to be a chemist. αPC, alpha progenitor cell βPC, beta progenitor cell γPC, gamma progenitor cell δPC, delta progenitor cell εPC, epsilon progenitor cell aciPC, acinar progenitor cells AsCy, astrocyte B.Og, B oogonia B.Sg, B spermatogonia CLP, common lymphoid progenitors CMP, common myeloid progenitors CTPC, cytotrophoblast progenitor cell DC, dendritic cell d.f.Og, differentiated oogonia d.f.Sg, differentiated spermatogonia ducPC, ductal progenitor cells endoPC, endocrine progenitor cells EpdC, ependymal cell EpiB, epiblast er圜y, erythrocyte ES, elongating spermatids EVT, extravillous cytotrophoblasts. Note that this draft periodic table of cell types is just a summary of a limited set of cell types and is based on our current understanding of developmental programs, despite some ongoing debates. Each cell type can be further annotated to provide information relating to its morphology, abundance, transcriptome, epigenome and states. The dashed cell type squares and arrows indicate unclear cell identities. As a proof-of-principle, each embryonic layer is arranged as a single period of cell types. Each column represents a similar developmental stage of cell types across different developing trajectories. The table is formatted from left to right based on development and/or differentiation trajectories, in which each element represents a cell type in the developmental system. Using the mouse as an example, a periodic table of cell types can be assembled based on current knowledge. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.Ī draft periodic table of cell types. We also highlight how the concept of a periodic table of cell types could be useful for predicting new cell types and states, and for recognizing relationships between cell types throughout development and evolution.Ĭell atlas Cell states Cell types Periodic table Single cell RNA-seq. The different states of the same cell type are further analogous to 'isotopes'. In this Hypothesis article, we propose that a 'periodic table of cell types' can be used as a framework for distinguishing cell types from cell states, in which the periods and groups correspond to developmental trajectories and stages along differentiation, respectively. With the accumulation of data, however, the field is grappling with a central unanswered question: what exactly is a cell type? This question is further complicated by the inherently dynamic nature of developmental processes. Single cell biology is currently revolutionizing developmental and evolutionary biology, revealing new cell types and states in an impressive range of biological systems.
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